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NCBI Bookshelf. A provider of the National Library of
Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence; Boarding on
Health Sciences Policy; Dissection on Behavioral and Social Knowledges and
Education; Institute of Medication; National Research Council. The Future of Household
Health Care: Workshop Immediate. Washington (DC): National Arts school Press
(US); 2015 Aug four.
The Future of Home Wellbeing Care: Workshop Summary.
Technology is currently important to home health care.
Future advances in home fitness care technologies have the capability not most
effective to facilitate the position of home fitness care within the common
fitness care device however additionally to assist foster community-based
independence for people. In one panel at the workshop, three speakers spoke
approximately a wide range of technologies, together with the existing base of
evidence on the impact of technologies, the challenges dealing with the
development and use of technology for home health care, and how to facilitate
the usage of era to reap a super state of home fitness care inside the destiny.
Chapter eight touches similarly on the function of information generation and
the use of digital health facts.
EVIDENCE BASE FOR HOME HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors
Affiliations
Computing is pervasive and ubiquitous, it's miles wearable,
and it is used in every factor of our lives, said Demiris. Advances in
computing and information era also are affecting home fitness care. Although
records generation has been used in fitness take care of a long time to bridge
geographic distances and provide people get admission to to professional
reviews while not having to tour, ultimately, computing and data era might also
certainly be used to enhance the great of home health care offerings and permit
their redecorate, stated Demiris. For instance, Demiris cited that a MEDLINE
look for papers on the usage of technology in home health care posted in 2003
located 556 papers; a decade later, the range became 1,390. Finally, no longer
just the sphere of technology for home fitness care however additionally the
proof that is going with it have continued to grow, he stated.
Active as opposed to Passive Technologies
One difference that can be made among sorts of technology is
whether or not they may be energetic or passive. Someone must operate an lively
generation, Demiris said, whether it is hardware or software program. Active
and passive generation also can be outstanding in step with whether or not the
consumer desires training. Passive technologies are, as an example, cameras,
sensors, or other devices embedded in the residential infrastructure that
permit an character to be monitored without requiring that person or any other
character to operate them. As described within the literature, both kinds of
generation have a selection of capabilities, Demiris mentioned, which includes
tracking and the provision of assistance within the diverse areas described
inside the following sections.
Physiological Monitoring
Active home telemonitoring gadgets can capture important
symptoms, weight, or symptoms and document them to a far flung provider or a
domestic fitness enterprise. Passive telemonitoring technology consist of
mattress sensors that capture restlessness, sleep interruptions, or pulse and
respiration at some point of sleep.
Monitoring of Patient Function and Detection of Emergencies
Active technologies encompass devices that may stumble on
falls and that human beings can put on. They also include non-public emergency
reaction systems that a person also can wear and that allow the person to press
a button to summon help whilst she or he falls. Passive systems may be embedded
in the carpet and might locate falls or near falls.
Safety
Alarm systems can actively detect fires or floods; passive
systems can use movement and warmth sensors, as an example, to distinguish
between warmth that occurs in the course of meal coaching and warmth that
builds up whilst a person turns on the stove and forgets approximately it.
Security
Camera structures allow the faraway monitoring of
residential areas and visitors; passive systems use sensors to seize the extent
of hobby and whether uncommon patterns of pastime are occurring.
Social Interactions
Social interactions can be made through the active use of
social networks, and software can determine self-perceived social
connectedness. Passive sensor-based structures song the range of visitors, the
amount of time spent outside and inside the house, and sedentary conduct.
Cognitive and Sensory Activity
Active technology can generate alerts and reminders, useful
resource with the place of misplaced gadgets, or dispense medicinal drugs.
Passive automatic capabilities function inside the heritage and cause warnings,
signals, and reminders or turn on lights.
The Evidence Base
Although each the quantity and form of proof on home health
care technology are growing—from evidence from pilot studies to evidence from a
few longitudinal research and randomized managed trials—“it's miles
nevertheless not without a doubt clear what seems to paintings and what would
not work,” Demiris stated, mainly because the findings are sometimes
contradictory. The tempo of technological advance is faster than conventional
research supply cycles, in order that by the time a examine has been planned
and funding has been obtained, the era to be studied may be outdated.
Furthermore, research tasks rarely permit the tailoring of technologies on the
idea of the scenario in the domestic or the needs of the man or woman affected
person, due to the fact each person within the study wishes to receive the same
intervention.
Technology interventions do now not always need to be
complicated and complex, Demiris said. Simple equipment can now and again be
powerful. For example, when the contributors of his group looked at ways to
guide casual hospice caregivers (e.G., circle of relatives individuals,
friends, friends), they used video conferencing technology to clear up the
caregivers' problems. This era is being examined in a 3-arm clinical trial with
businesses that get hold of (1) friendly visits and normal care (the controls),
(2) widespread care plus the trouble-fixing remedy in character, and (3)
popular care plus the problem-solving therapy with the aid of video. If the
results for Groups 2 and three are equal, the video intervention might be a
value-saving alternative. Although the value results are not but to be had,
Demiris said that families are embracing the technology and “locating it [to
be] a convenient and effective way to talk” with the hospice groups.