Diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2, can have a significant impact on various organs and systems within the body, including the skin. Skin complications are common among individuals with diabetes and can manifest in several ways due to the effects of high blood sugar levels and other associated factors. Here's a detailed look at how diabetes affects the skin: Dry Skin (Xerosis): Diabetes can lead to dry skin due to several factors. High blood sugar levels can cause dehydration, leading to skin dryness. Additionally, diabetic neuropathy, a condition affecting nerves, can impair sweat gland function, reducing moisture levels in the skin. Dry skin often results in itchiness, cracking, and flaking, making individuals prone to skin infections. Skin Infections: People with diabetes are more susceptible to bacterial, fungal, and yeast infections due to impaired immune function. Skin infections such as bacterial folliculitis, fungal infections like candidiasis (yeast infection), or...
.jpg)
The Internet of Things: Impact and implication for
Health Care Delivery
Jaimon T Kelly
1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith further
education college, Gold shoreline, Australia
2 Centre of Applied wellbeing Economics, Griffith University,
Brisbane, Australia
Katrina L Campbell
1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University,
Gold Coast, Australia
2 Centre of Applied Health Economics, Griffith
University, Brisbane, Australia
3 Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane,
Australia
Enying Gong
4 School of Population and Global Health, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Paul Scuffham
1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University,
Gold Coast, Australia
2 Centre of Applied Health Economics, Griffith University,
Brisbane, Australia
Examples of Internet of Things gadgets that may support
health service transport.
Examples of the way smart homes can improve fitness
care transport.
Scenarios in which Internet of Things may be used to
enhance fitness system efficiency.
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a gadget of wi-fi,
interrelated, and related digital gadgets which can accumulate, ship, and keep
facts over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-pc interplay.
The IoT promises many benefits to streamlining and enhancing fitness care
transport to proactively predict health issues and diagnose, treat, and reveal
sufferers each in and out of the clinic. Worldwide, government leaders and
choice makers are enforcing guidelines to supply health care offerings the use
of technology and more so in response to the radical COVID-19 pandemic. It is
now turning into more and more vital to understand how mounted and rising IoT
technologies can help health systems to deliver secure and effective care. The
goal of this perspective paper is to provide a top level view of the modern-day
IoT era in fitness care, outline how IoT gadgets are improving health carrier
delivery, and outline how IoT generation can affect and disrupt worldwide
health care inside the next decade. The capability of IoT-primarily based
fitness care is elevated upon to theorize how IoT can enhance the accessibility
of preventative public health offerings and transition our present day
secondary and tertiary fitness care to be a more proactive, continuous, and
coordinated gadget. Finally, this paper will address the ability issues that
IoT-primarily based health care generates, barriers to marketplace adoption
from health care professionals and patients alike, self assurance and
acceptability, privateness and safety, interoperability, standardization and
remuneration, records storage, and manage and ownership. Corresponding enablers
of IoT in modern health care will rely upon policy support,
cybersecurity-focused pointers, careful strategic making plans, and transparent
rules inside health care organizations. IoT-based fitness care has first rate
capacity to enhance the performance of the health device and improve populace
fitness.
Introduction
The challenges offered with the aid of an ageing
populace with more than one chronic conditions are ubiquitous international .
The clinical, lifestyle, and personal fitness wishes throughout ageing
populations will preserve to region a burden on fitness care resources. Meeting
these demanding situations requires a focus on empowering populations to
self-control their fitness through health innovation to enhance well-being and
attenuate fitness useful resource burden .
Background of Digital Devices and the Internet of
Things
Entering the 2020 decade, more gadgets are linked to
the internet than ever earlier than, and this could keep growing at a rapid
trajectory. Worldwide, greater than 21 billion devices had been expected to be
linked to the internet in 2020, that is 5 instances the variety of gadgets four
years earlier . The Internet of Things (IoT) can be described in its best
situation as a community that connects uniquely identifiable gadgets (or
matters) to the internet, allowing them to collect, send, shop, and receive
data . From a health care perspective, IoT may be considered as any tool which
can collect fitness-related records from people, consisting of computing
gadgets, cell telephones, smart bands and wearables, virtual medicines,
implantable surgical gadgets, or other transportable gadgets, which could
degree health statistics and hook up with the internet .
The boom of IoT era has driven interest in a wide
range of health practices to enhance populace health greater in particular .
Recent reviews have overviewed the numerous offerings and applications of IoT
in health care (eg, eHealth, cellular fitness [mHealth], ambient assisted
residing, semantic gadgets, wearable gadgets and smartphones, and network-based
fitness care) [5,7]. These offerings have been special extensively and might
have many applications throughout single situation and cluster situation
management, along with, as an example, the potential to tune and reveal fitness
development remotely through health care specialists, improve self-control of
chronic situations, assist within the early detection of abnormalities,
fast-song symptom identification and clinical diagnoses, deliver early
intervention, and improve adherence to prescriptions . These programs could
make higher use of health care resources and offer excellent and occasional-value
hospital treatment.
Health Systems Are Changing
With the 2020 public fitness response to the radical
COVID-19 pandemic to correctly shut down conventional modes of health carrier
transport worldwide, efforts to reduce implementation boundaries to
technology-supported fitness delivery spotlight the potential to reframe
conventional fashions of care into digital and distance modalities . In
response, many nations have efficiently carried out era-supported offerings to
preserve health care practices and social distancing . As international leaders
remember regulations that doubtlessly provide greater get admission to to
era-supported fitness offerings in response to (and considerations post) the
modern COVID-19 disaster, it's miles turning into more and more vital to
recognize how established and emerging IoT technologies can support fitness
structures to deliver safe and effective care in both a complementary or an
alternative manner in the course of instances of disaster or health epidemics .
This standpoint paper will assessment present day
technology in fitness care, outline how IoT devices are improving fitness
provider delivery, and outline how IoT technology can affect global health care
within the next decade. This point of view paper additionally overviews how the
disruption in health care from IoT can cause advanced get admission to and equitable
number one, secondary, and tertiary clever fitness care, that is extra proactive,
non-stop, and coordinated.
IoT-Based Health Care Architecture
The architecture of IoT in health care delivery
basically consists of three basic layers : (1) the notion layer, (2) the
community layer, and (three) the software layer. It isn't our intention to
significantly detail these layers; however, a precis and the associated fitness
implications are provided in the following sections.
Perception Layer: Sensing Systems That Collect Data
Perception and identification technologies are the
foundation of IoT. Sensors are devices that could perceive adjustments in an
environment and might consist of, as an instance, radio frequency
identification (RFID), infrared sensors, cameras, GPS, scientific sensors, and
clever tool sensors. These sensors permit for comprehensive notion through
object recognition, location popularity, and geographic reputation and may
convert this facts to digital signals, that is more handy for network
transmission [12,13]. Sensor technology allow for treatments to be monitored in
real time and facilitate the purchase of a multitude of physiological
parameters approximately a patient so that diagnoses and great remedy may be
speedy-tracked. There are many examples of doubtlessly lifesaving IoT sensor
devices; but, now not all gadgets are clinically tested or have been proved to
be safe or effective. A summary of IoT devices which can guide and enhance
fitness service transport is furnished in Multimedia Appendix 1 [14-47].
Network Layer: Data Communication and Storage
The community stage of IoT technologies consists of
wired and wireless networks, which talk and save processed (layer 1) facts both
domestically or at a centralized place. Communication among matters can occur
over low, medium, and high frequencies, the latter being the essential
recognition of IoT. These include quick-variety communication technologies,
which includes RFID, wi-fi sensor networks, Bluetooth, Zigbee, low-energy
Wi-Fi, and worldwide device for mobile communications . High-frequency fourth-era
(4G) cell networks have seen even greater conversation capacity, and evolving
5G networks are becoming greater comfortably to be had and are predicted to be
a main driver of the growth of IoT applications for fitness care, with the
potential to provide dependable connection as much as lots of devices at the
same time .
Communicated records are stored locally (often decentralized) or sent to a centralized cloud server. Cloud-based computing to help the transport of fitness offerings has many advantages, as it's far ubiquitous, flexible, and scalable in terms of information acquisition, garage, and transmission among gadgets linked to the cloud . The use of the cloud may be foreseen to support information-intensive electronic medical information (EMRs), affected person portals, medical IoT gadgets (which could consist of cellphone apps), and the large facts analytics riding decision assist structures and therapeutic strategies . However, with extra cloud apps entering the health marketplace, it's miles just as critical that an evidence base supports its effectiveness and protection and may address the safety of health facts and the reliability and transparency of that facts through third events. Furthermore, it has been counseled that centralized cloud garage will gift problems inside the destiny to customers, together with excessive data accumulation and latency due to the distance among IoT gadgets and information centers.@ Raed More clubhitech